did the south vietnamese support the viet cong
History 485A. The South Vietnamese government was politically inefficient and corrupt. (2020, August 25). Within each region, there were several districts and villages, overseen by one or more NLF cadres. For more information, please visit our FAQ or Terms of Use. The NLF was also a political movement that worked to attract and build popular support. In all, an estimated one-third of civilian deaths during the Vietnam War were at the hands of the Viet Cong. The ARVN had the advantage of American helicopters but even these proved ineffective at locating and eliminating the enemy. They took rice from villagers at gunpoint, carried out incredible numbers of targeted assassinations against people who supported the South Vietnamese government, and perpetrated the Hue Massacre during the Tet Offensive, in which anywhere from 3,000 to 6,000 civilians and prisoners of war were summarily executed. The phrase "Viet Cong" denotes only southerners who supported the communist cause — but in many cases, they were integrated with fighters from the regular North Vietnamese army, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). From the 1880s until World War II, the … This escalation prompted US president John F. Kennedy to increase the number of American military advisors in South Vietnam, with several thousand arriving over the next six months. Szczepanski, Kallie. The Viet Cong were South Vietnamese communist insurgents. "Who Were the Viet Cong and How Did They Affect the War?" “The reasons a man or woman joined the VC are as varied and complex as individuals themselves. In January 1963, South Vietnamese forces engaged the Viet Cong at the Battle of Ap Bac. Citation information As … vietcong had alot of support from the south of Vietnam, well the peasants anyway. By the mid-1950s, he was a high ranking member of the North Vietnamese government, occupying a seat in the Lao Dong Politburo. A Viet Cong guerrilla on the Tet Offensive (1968) South Vietnamese and Westerners knew it as the Viet Cong. As support for the NLF grew it adopted organisation and command structures similar to those of the Lao Dong, as well its own a military arm, the Viet Cong. Many southerners joined the Viet Cong and fought against both the government of South Vietnam and the armed forces of the United States between 1959 and 1975. In total, these cells contained as many as 3,000 men. It provided for the complete withdrawal of U.S. troops within 60 days and created a political process for the peaceful resolution of the conflict in the south. One of the most successful Viet Cong operations occurred in January 1963 when around 1,500 South Vietnamese (ARVN) soldiers, along with American advisors, tracked down 300 Viet Cong near Ap Bac in the Mekong Delta. By 1968, the SVA was a potent force – 250,000 men armed with modern tanks and artillery. The Viet Cong were supported and trained by the government of communist North Vietnam. By mid-1959, however, the North was providing obvious support to the Viet Cong. Study Questions for Truong Nhu Tang, A Viet Cong Memoir How did Tang’s upbringing shape his vision of what the revolution would be like and what the future of Vietnam would be like? Finally, in January 1973 a peace treaty was signed by the United States and all three Vietnamese parties (North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and the Viet Cong). Hanoi sent 100,000 troops to the south every year. The Saigon regime dubbed the NLF the “Viet Cong,” a pejorative contraction of Viet Nam Cong San (Vietnamese Communists). Not really - South Vietnamese peasants would actually have been middle class and afraid of communism (because they stood a good chance of losing their land), but they would also have opposed the hideously corrupt and nasty South Vietnamese government (which honestly wasn't much better than the North Vietnamese government and which was far less … South Vietnamese communists called this campaign of violence the “extermination of traitors”. They would offer to help them in their daily work and … In most parts of South Vietnam, the NLF remained an underground organisation; its movements and activities were often described as “ghostly”. President Eisenhower greets President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam in Washington, 8 May 1957. Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese Marxist revolutionary leader and also the president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Vietnam War – Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Atrocities November 8, 2018 by R Lawson 2 Comments Millions of Americans are familiar with the graphic photos of the era depicting the horrors of war that I featured in my recent blogs – Iconic Photos and More Images . Under the terms of the Accords, military personnel were ordered to return to their place of origin, either North or South Vietnam. It was only the south vietnamese government that didnt want communism. In 1957 alone, there were more than 150 assassinations attributed to communist subversives. For obvious reasons, most NLF operations could not be conducted in the open. The South was fighting against the Viet Cong, a communist party based in South Vietnam which was allied with North Vietnam. South Vietnamese Gen. Nguyen Ngoc Loan, chief of the national police, shoots suspected Viet Cong officer Nguyen Van Lem on a Saigon street on Feb. 1, 1968. The peasant’s real loyalties were to his or her family and village. There was no NLF uniform or insignia, so most Viet Cong were indistinguishable from ordinary South Vietnamese. He ordered an elaborate 200 mile long tunnel system to be dug to aid the guerrilla fighters in their ability to move from place to place undetected by U.S. infantry. A trained, equipped, regular fighting force. The history with this problem goes way back to the French colonialism in the region and the French-Indochina War, as well as … A historian’s view: In October 1961, there were 150 NLF bombings and attacks, triple the number of the previous month. This logistics organization helped greatly in their war against the American and South Vietnamese military during the Vietnam War.. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. She visited Russia in the early Sixties, and was personally impressed by the deference she received. [3] She praised the USSR for their support of the Viet Cong. ThoughtCo, Aug. 25, 2020, thoughtco.com/the-viet-cong-the-vietnam-war-195432. silenus May 12, 2004, 9:13pm #4. To that end, the … Under international pressure to rein in this violence, the North Vietnamese government continually stressed that southern communists were acting independently, not under instruction from Hanoi. Date accessed: February 17, 2021 The Viet Cong was the name given by Western sources to the National Liberation Front (NLF) during the Vietnam War. The Viet Cong arose after the defeat of the French colonial forces at Dien Bien Phu, which prompted the United States to become gradually more and more involved in Vietnam. The most common was simply disillusionment with the government in Saigon, and acceptance of the constant barrage of NLF propaganda. They were allied with North Vietnam and the troops of Ho Chi Minh, who sought to conquer the south and create a unified, communist state of Vietnam. A two-month-long battle ensued, until enemy units were driven from An Loc and forced to disperse to bases in Cambodia. Under the terms of the Accords, military … Although the Viet Cong started out as a loose grouping of guerrilla fighters, they increased markedly in professionalism and in numbers over the course of the conflict. Gordon L. Rottman. Bennett was treated horribly by his captors. NVA = North Vietnamese Regular Army. By 1960, the NLF had grown and evolved into a sophisticated communist insurgency. … Many southerners joined the Viet Cong and fought against both the government of South Vietnam and the armed forces of the United States between 1959 and 1975. The Tet Offensive was planned as a massive, simultaneous attack on the major cities and provincial capitals of South Vietnam. Our country has been separated for so long. The South Vietnamese people did not rise up in rebellion against their own government, ARVN soldiers did not mutiny and the Saigon government did not collapse. They also used a range of effective Soviet and Chinese light and medium machine guns, and infrequently, heavy machine guns. The name Viet Cong comes from the phrase "cong san Viet Nam," meaning "Vietnamese communist." c. hippies. d. China and the Soviet Union When he realized that Diem had no intention of taking part in general elections, Ho began to support a military insurgency in South Vietnam, known as the Vietnam Cong-san (or Vietcong). In November 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas and his Vice President, Lyndon Johnson became President. US Defence pamphlet: Know Your Enemy: the Viet Cong (1966) South Vietnamese sources said that Lém commanded a Vietcong death squad, which on that day had targeted South Vietnamese National Police officers, or in their stead, the police officers’ families. Vietnam War memory quiz – events 1946-1964, Vietnam War memory quiz – events 1965-1975, Vietnam War memory quiz – terms and concepts (I), Vietnam War memory quiz – terms and concepts (II), The program of the National Liberation Front or Viet Cong (1962), A CIA report on Viet Cong weaknesses and vulnerabilities (1965), A Viet Cong guerrilla on the Tet Offensive (1968), A Viet Cong soldier on their approach to tactics and warfare (1985). This communist country won the civil war in Cambodia in 1975 and renamed the country Kampuchea. "American soldiers called the Vietnamese communist … The peasants of South Vietnam saw the USA as invaders and sided with the Vietcong. Saigon was a place they had only heard of. The Viet Cong were cursed and condemned for not following the Western conventions of war. Fighting resumed by the end of 1973 as the Viet Cong, which still had an estimated 150,000 men positioned in South Vietnam, renewed offensives. The group is better known as the Viet Cong (Việt Cộng) or V.C., short for "Vietnamese Communist. Westerners came to know it as the National Liberation Front (NLF). A successful implementation of this plan, the Chieu Hoi ('Open Arms') Program, depended on an analysis of the motivations for enlistment in the Viet Cong. The U.S. believed that South Vietnam was a vital area of American interest, but it really wasn’t. The Viet Cong were South Vietnamese supporters of the communist National Liberation Front in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War (known in Vietnam as the American War). In 1954, Vietnam gained its independence from this country, causing Vietnam to split into two. The Viet Cong tried to create a popular uprising in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War with their 1968 Tet Offensive but were able to seize control of just a few small districts in the Mekong Delta region. The South Vietnamese initially went on the offensive and they attacked the smaller Viet Cong. Lém was alleged to have murdered a general and seven members of … Although the USA attempted to support the South Vietnamese Army (Army of the Republic of Vietnam) with foreign aid and training; it became clear that ARVN was not capable of fighting the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese due to high corruption and low morale. Whitesides was killed, and Thompson was taken prisoner; he would … The Viet Cong relied on elements of speed and surprise. The Viet Cong was the military arm of the National Liberation Front (NLF), an underground communist insurgency formed in December 1960 and active in South Vietnam. To defeat the American Empire and destroy the country sellers. The Viet Cong (Vietnamese: Việt Cộng; pronounced [vîət kə̂wŋmˀ] ()), also known as the National Liberation Front of Southern Vietnam or NLF (Vietnamese: Mặt trận Dân tộc Giải phóng miền Nam Việt Nam), was an armed communist political revolutionary organization in South Vietnam and Cambodia.Its military force, the Liberation Army of South Vietnam (LASV), fought against the … Almost one-quarter of the 80,000 NVA and Viet Cong deployed during the Tet Offensive (January and February 1968) were killed. The Việt Nam Độc Lập Đồng Minh Hội had … Here the sacred Cuu Long river. Which of the following is one of the terms often applied the members of the counterculture? Others claim they did so under orders from Hanoi, which wanted to disrupt the development of the South and prepare for a future war. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. During the Vietnam War, the Viet Cong designed an intricate system of tunnels that ran through much of the country. As others have written, largely the peasants just wanted to stay neutral. Heavy street fighting had pitched Saigon into chaos when South Vietnamese military caught a suspected Viet Cong squad leader, Nguyen Van Lem, at the site of a mass grave of more than 30 civilians. In it he called for communists to rise up and gather support, overthrow South Vietnam’s leader Ngo Dinh Diem and expel foreign advisors and businessmen. The Vietcong were supported by the South Vietnamese peasants because they would offer to help them with their daily work. Rebels in South Vietnam, were supported by the Communist North. ( Approved for Release: 2019/01/17 C06766062 TO~T/ -1~~~~------J 1-CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Directorate of Intelligence 2 February 1968 INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM The Situa The NLF and Viet Cong were shadowy organisations that blended into rural life but remained politically and militarily active, recruiting and disseminating propaganda. Le Duan presented this plan to members of the Politburo but they did not support his call for a full-scale war. For that reason, Robert Komer, the head of Civil Organizing and Revolutionary Development Support—the American agency tasked with assisting the South Vietnamese with pacification—posited the destruction of Viet Cong Infrastructure as “an intelligence problem.”[5] Exposing Viet Cong Infrastructure required detailed intelligence gathering. Many Viet Minh soldiers and sympathisers, however, stayed in South Vietnam and remained ‘underground’, mostly in rural or remote areas. She has taught at the high school and university levels in the U.S. and South Korea. On 2 April, Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces struck Loc Ninh, just south of the Cambodian border on Highway 13, and advanced south to An Loc along one of the main invasion routes toward Saigon. The attitude of most American soldiers towards the Viet Cong evolved into a combination of hatred, fear and begrudging admiration. Buddhist monks, former members of religious sects like the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao, displaced peasants and urban workers could be found in NLF ranks. Now, 40 years after the war's end and amid great change, former Viet Cong and an American reflect on that time. Date published: June 18, 2019 They were adept at hiding among civilian populations, taking shelter in the thick jungle and moving only in the dead of night. Most of the natives did not support the government, which was why the Viet Cong were able to succeed the way they did. The Viet Cong was a network of communist agents and subversives, supplied and controlled by North Vietnam but active within South Vietnam. As a consequence, there were many South Vietnamese who supported neither the Diem government or the NLF. The Viet Minh had become the government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam since the Vietnamese 1946 general election, and military forces of the communists regrouped there. A CIA report on Viet Cong weaknesses and vulnerabilities (1965) The Viet Cong's full-time soldiers were referred to as the "Main Force" (Chu Luc). He was to adopt a more aggressive policy against the North Vietnamese and their communist allies in the … But after the horrendous losses the Viet Cong suffered during Tet, all sapper operations in South Vietnam were supervised by the 429th Sapper Group, which reported directly to the Sapper High Command, a department in the NVA High Command in Hanoi. NLF teachings stressed two important concepts: dan tranh (‘struggle’) and giai phong (‘liberation’). South Vietnam’s status as a developing nation recovering from war and colonialism received extensive media coverage in the West. The American support did not manage to halt the communist insurgency and despite their efforts the Viet Cong seized large areas of rural South Vietnam. Often the only contact villagers had with the government was through heavy-handed tax collectors and ARVN soldiers. Shortly after its formation, the NLF issued a ten-point program that called on the Vietnamese people to “overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists and the dictatorial power of Ngo Dinh Diem”. The formation of an organised communist insurgency in South Vietnam was masterminded by Le Duan. The origins of the Viet Cong begin with the Geneva Accords of 1954. Oh bones have broken and blood has fallen, the hatred is rising high. The Politburo considered North Vietnam’s domestic policies, such as economic and military reform, to be more pressing. They were allied with North Vietnam and the troops of Ho Chi Minh, who sought to conquer the south and create a unified, communist state of Vietnam. American military and economic aid continued to pour into South Vietnam while American military and police advisers helped train and equip Diem’s army and security forces. Whatever the reasons, by 1959 there were as many as 20 different communist cells scattered around South Vietnam. By 1961, the NLF’s internal organisation had evolved further and resembled the structure of the Lao Dong. Are urging us to advance to kill the enemy, North Vietnam: North Vietnam, the Viet Cong of South Vietnam, Khmer Rouge, Pathet Lao, People’s Republic of China, North Korea. In it he called for communists to rise up and gather support, overthrow South Vietnam’s leader Ngo Dinh Diem and expel foreign advisors and businessmen. The women's names became part of the U.S. State Department's list of 18 U.S. civilians "known to have been taken prisoner by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces during the Tet Offensive."
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